What are contraindications for using a hemodialysis access site?

The correct choice highlights that infection and thrombosis are significant contraindications for using a hemodialysis access site. Infections at the access site can lead to systemic issues, including the risk of sepsis, making it unsafe for dialysis. If the access site is infected, it must be treated before it can be safely used for dialysis.

Thrombosis refers to the formation of a blood clot within the access site, which can obstruct blood flow necessary for effective dialysis treatment. If an access site is thrombosed, it cannot provide the required blood flow for dialysis sessions, necessitating intervention to restore patency or the use of an alternative site.

The other options do not present valid contraindications: healthy blood flow indicates that the access site is functioning well, while normal access site function suggests it can be used. Severe allergies may affect other aspects of patient care but are not directly related to the use of the hemodialysis access site itself.