What is "dialysis disequilibrium syndrome"?

Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome is a condition that can occur during or shortly after dialysis, characterized by the rapid shifts in fluid and electrolyte balance. When patients with chronic kidney disease undergo dialysis, particularly if it is their first few sessions or the dialysis is performed at a rapid rate, there can be significant changes in the concentration of solutes and water between the blood and the dialysate. This can lead to cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure because the brain may not adapt quickly enough to these changes.

Signs of dialysis disequilibrium syndrome may include headache, nausea, hypotension, and in severe cases, seizures or coma. The development of this syndrome underscores the importance of carefully monitoring patients and considering their individual tolerance to changes that occur during the dialysis process.

Other options do not align with the definition of dialysis disequilibrium syndrome. Low blood pressure is a potential symptom but does not define the syndrome itself. Indications of successful treatment do not correlate with this complication. Medications used during dialysis can have side effects, but these are distinct from the pathophysiological process that causes dialysis disequilibrium syndrome.